This book covers material for use in the transportation systems sector in various ways. It contains the basis material in STEM-related fields essential for research, classes and/or student team projects in the multidisciplinary domain of transportation. First it describes the fundamentals of transportation systems and its analysis through modeling and simulation while this approach represents the largest portion of transportation analysis. In addition, the mathematical background describing transportation systems is introduced at a basic and a more advanced level in correspondence with the essential requirements of modeling and simulation. Second it introduces the most important simulation systems used for transportation systems analysis and describes applications in different case study examples. Third, it introduces research oriented use cases showing how to create complex models and run these simulation models in intra- and/or multimodal transportation problems.