This book provides an extensive look at medicinal plant genetic diversity, making it an essential resource for anyone interested in plant biology and conservation. It covers the importance of genetic diversity, the various assessment techniques used to measure it, and the key threats these plants face globally. Chapters explore how climate change, cultivation practices, and habitat loss affect medicinal plants, alongside strategies for conserving and managing this diversity. The book also highlights the role of these plants in drug discovery and their potential for adaptation to future challenges. This is an ideal resource for researchers, students, conservationists, and policymakers, as it offers valuable insights into preserving the genetic wealth of medicinal plants for future generations.